Baby-Safe Cleaning: Complete Guide for New Parents in India

Baby-safe cleaning means using non-toxic, chemical-free products that protect your infant's developing body from harmful substances found in conventional cleaners—substances linked to respiratory issues, skin allergies, hormonal disruption, and long-term developmental concerns. For Indian parents, where babies spend significant time on floors, where floor-sitting customs are common, and where multi-generational caregiving means multiple cleaning sessions daily, switching to baby-safe 

Why Babies Are Uniquely Vulnerable to Cleaning Chemicals

The Science of Infant Vulnerability

Your baby's body is NOT a miniature adult body—it's fundamentally different in ways that make chemical exposure far more dangerous:

1. Skin Permeability: 5x More Absorbent

• Baby skin is 30% thinner than adult skin

• The skin barrier is incompletely formed until age 2

• Higher surface area to body weight ratio means greater chemical absorption

• Chemicals penetrate deeper and faster into infant bloodstream

What this means: When your baby crawls on floors cleaned with chemical products, their skin absorbs residue continuously throughout the day.

2. Respiratory Vulnerability

• Infants breathe 40-60 times per minute (adults: 12-20)

• Breathing rate means they inhale MORE air relative to body size

• Airways are narrower and more easily inflamed

• Immune system is still developing

The shocking statistic: Cleaning product poisoning is responsible for thousands of annual emergency room visits, and the average home contains about 62 toxic chemicals present in various cleaning products.

3. Liver & Kidney Immaturity

• Baby's detoxification organs are underdeveloped

• Cannot process and eliminate toxins as efficiently as adults

• Chemicals accumulate in their small bodies

• Long-term burden affects development

4. Hand-to-Mouth Behavior

• Babies touch their mouths 80+ times per hour

• Everything they touch on floors/surfaces goes into their mouths

• Dish detergent is the #1 cause of childhood poisoning in many regions

• Ingestion risk continues until age 3-4

5. Floor Contact: The Indian Context

Indian babies have significantly higher floor exposure than Western babies due to cultural practices:

• Floor-sitting customs: Families sit, eat, and play on floors

• Joint family systems: Multiple caregivers mean more frequent floor cleaning

• Climate factors: Open homes mean more dust; frequent cleaning needed

• Barefoot culture: Constant skin contact with cleaned surfaces

Research shows: A 2021 paper from Global Pediatric Health emphasized that "early-life exposure to household cleaning products is associated with respiratory and allergic symptoms, especially in infants and toddlers". A 2022 review in the Toxics journal highlighted the need to "limit early exposure to synthetic chemicals used in home cleaning products due to their long-term developmental risks and endocrine disruption".

The Developmental Stages: What Matters When

Pregnancy: The Foundation

Critical Period: Neural tube formation (weeks 3-8), organ development (first trimester)

Why cleaning matters now:

• Pregnant women should avoid exposure to harsh chemicals and fumes, as they can pose risks to both the mother and the developing baby

• Many chemicals cross the placental barrier

• Fetal brain and organ development is extremely vulnerable

• Exposure during pregnancy affects lifelong health

Action steps:

• Switch to natural products BEFORE pregnancy if possible

• Enlist help for intensive cleaning tasks

• Focus on ventilation (open windows while cleaning)

• Avoid painting, renovations, or harsh chemical use

Newborn (0-3 Months): The Immune-Building Phase

Baby's world: Lying down, limited mobility, spending 16-18 hours sleeping

Cleaning priorities:

1. Nursery/sleep area: Zero VOCs (volatile organic compounds)

2. Laundry detergent: Hypoallergenic and skin safe

3. Surface wipes: For spit-up, diaper changes

4. Bottle/feeding equipment: Food-safe cleaning

Why it matters:

• Immune system is establishing itself

• Skin is most sensitive at this stage

• Respiratory system is most vulnerable

• Any irritation can disrupt sleep and feeding

What to avoid:

• Aerosol sprays near baby

• Strong-scented products (even natural essential oils)

• Antibacterial products (interfere with microbiome development)

• Chemical air fresheners in nursery

Infant (4-8 Months): The Grabbing Phase

Baby's world: Tummy time, reaching for objects, everything goes to mouth

Cleaning priorities:

1. Floor cleaning: Baby's face is now directly on floors during tummy time

2. Toy cleaning: Safe disinfection methods

3. High chair/feeding area: Food-safe cleaning products

4. Teething toys: Chemical-free washing

Why it matters:

• Hand-to-mouth frequency peaks

• Saliva production increases (more mouthing)

• Introduction of solid foods means more mess, more cleaning

• Increased exposure to cleaned surfaces

Indian context: Infants in this age group may spend roughly 4-6 hours per day on the floor, including activities such as tummy time, supervised play, and brief periods of crawling or rolling.

Crawler (6-12 Months): The HIGH-RISK Phase

Baby's world: Mobile, exploring everything, floor is their universe

Cleaning priorities:

1. FLOOR CLEANING: This becomes your #1 priority

2. Lower cabinets/surfaces: Within reach, constant contact

3. Bathroom floors: Crawl during bath time

4. Outdoor tracking: More dirt comes in, more cleaning needed

Why this is the CRITICAL phase:

• Maximum floor contact time: 6-8 hours per day on floors

• Hands constantly touching cleaned surfaces then mouth

• Exploring baseboards, under furniture (residue buildup areas)

• Starting to pull up on furniture (vertical surface contact)

The sobering reality: Research shows residue from conventional cleaners stays on floors long after the mop dries—right where your baby plays, crawls, and sometimes even licks.

Toddler (1-3 Years): The Continuous Contact Phase

Child's world: Walking, running, sitting on floors, still mouthing objects

Cleaning priorities:

1. Continued floor safety: Still sitting and playing on floors

2. Table/chair surfaces: Eating surfaces need food-safe cleaning

3. Bathroom: Independent but messy, touching everything

4. Outdoor play equipment: If applicable

Why it still matters:

• Floor time continues: Preschool-aged children spend around 4-6 hours per day on floors

• Eating with hands (Indian dining customs)

• Still exploring through taste

• Developing allergies and sensitivities can emerge

Toxic Chemicals That Harm Babies (And Where They Hide)

The "Baby-Safe" Deception

Many products marketed as "baby-safe," "gentle," or "mild" still contain harmful chemicals. In India, manufacturers are not required to disclose all ingredients, making it challenging for parents to make informed choices.

The Most Dangerous Chemicals for Babies

1. Phthalates (The Hidden Hormones Disruptors)

What they are: Chemicals frequently used as fragrances and softeners, linked to hormonal disruptions and developmental issues in children

Where they hide:

• ANY product without ingredients mentioned

• Fabric softeners

• Colored laundry detergents

• Air fresheners

• Colored dish soaps

Health effects in babies:

• Disrupt hormone development (especially in boys)

• Linked to lower IQ and behavioral issues

• Increase asthma and allergy risk

• Affect reproductive development

How to avoid: Choose ONLY safe certified allergy free fragranced products

2. Petroleum based Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) & Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)

What they are: Synthetic Petroleum Surfactants commonly used to create foam and bubbles, can cause skin irritation and may contain the carcinogen 1,4-dioxane as a byproduct

Where they hide:

• Dishwashing liquids

• Laundry detergents

• Hand soaps

• Baby bath products (even some branded as "gentle")

Effects on babies:

• Strip natural oils from delicate skin

• Cause eczema and dermatitis

• Contaminated with 1,4-dioxane (carcinogen)

• Eye and respiratory irritation

The frequency problem: With multiple handwashings, frequent baths, and daily dishwashing, babies are exposed to artificial SLS/SLES dozens of times daily.

3. Ammonia

What it is: Often present in glass and window cleaners, can lead to respiratory irritation and exacerbate conditions like asthma or allergies in babies

Where it hides:

• Glass cleaners

• Bathroom cleaners

• Floor polishes

• Some all-purpose cleaners

Effects on babies:

• Caustic and very dangerous in concentrated form, causes severe damage to nose, throat, and lungs

• Triggers or worsens asthma

• Burns if accidentally touched or ingested

• Fumes linger for hours after cleaning

Indian homes factor: Small, enclosed bathrooms with poor ventilation trap ammonia fumes, increasing baby's exposure during and after bath time.

4. Chlorine Bleach

What it is: A potent disinfectant that releases fumes that can irritate the respiratory system and eyes and may produce toxic gases when mixed with other cleaning agents

Where it hides:

• Toilet cleaners

• Mold/mildew removers

• "Whitening" laundry products

• Disinfectant wipes

Effects on babies:

• Irritates skin, nose, eyes, throat and lungs; long-term bleach exposure can lead to asthma

• Chemical burns on contact

• Creates toxic gas if mixed with other cleaners

• Lingering fumes affect developing lungs

Critical warning: NEVER use bleach in homes with babies. The risks far outweigh any disinfection benefits—there are safer alternatives.

5. Formaldehyde

What it is: A known human carcinogen found in air fresheners and some cleaning products that can cause respiratory problems

Where it hides:

• Preservatives in cleaning products

• Some dishwashing liquids

• Furniture polish

• Air fresheners

Effects on babies:

• Known carcinogen

• Causes respiratory irritation

• Off-gasses over time (ongoing exposure)

• Skin allergies and sensitivities

6. Triclosan

What it is: Prevalent in antibacterial cleaning products, known to disrupt hormone function and potentially contribute to antibiotic resistance

Where it hides:

• "Antibacterial" hand soaps

• Dishwashing liquids

• Surface disinfectants

• Some toothpastes

Effects on babies:

• Disrupts thyroid hormones

• Contributes to antibiotic resistance

• Interferes with immune system development

• No proven benefit over regular soap

Expert consensus: Pediatrician Dr. Harvey Karp states, "It's like dipping your kids' hands in penicillin constantly. It's really not something you need to do."

7. 2-Butoxyethanol (Glycol Ethers)

What it is: Strong solvent found in many cleaners

Where it hides:

• All-purpose cleaners

• Glass cleaners

• Degreasers

• Laundry stain removers

Effects on babies:

• Acute exposure can cause liver or kidney damage, and can cause fluid to accumulate in the lungs

• Respiratory irritant

• Reduces fertility (long-term exposure)

• Causes low birth weight

Floor Cleaning for Crawling Babies: The Critical Priority

Why Floor Cleaning Deserves Its Own Section

Your floor is your baby's whole world when they start the exciting journey of crawling. It's their first taste of independence. In Indian homes, this is even more significant because:

• Cultural floor use: Sitting, eating, playing, praying all happen on floors

• Climate factors: Dust accumulation requires daily cleaning

• Open floor plans: More surface area, more crawling space

• Joint families: More people = more cleaning frequency

The Residue Problem

Here's what most parents don't realize: Residue from conventional cleaners stays on floors long after the mop dries—right where your baby plays, crawls, and sometimes even licks.

What happens next:

1. Baby crawls on freshly cleaned floor

2. Chemical residue transfers to hands, knees, bare feet

3. Baby touches face, sucks fingers, licks hands

4. Chemicals are ingested and absorbed through skin

5. This happens DOZENS of times daily

The cumulative exposure: If you clean floors twice daily (common in Indian homes) with chemical cleaners, your baby is exposed 60+ times per month during prime developmental months.

What Makes Floor Cleaners Unsafe for Babies

The most common harmful ingredients in Indian floor cleaners:

1. Ammonia: An eye and lung irritant

2. Chlorine bleach: Harsh on skin and lungs

3. Phosphates: Harmful to environment and linked to organ damage

4. Harsh untested fragrances: Often contain phthalates linked to hormonal issues

5. Petroleum surfactants: Harsh detergents that can irritate skin

6. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC): Causes allergic reactions

7. Phenols: Toxic if ingested, corrosive to skin

The Baby-Safe Floor Cleaning Method

Step 1: Preparation

• Clear floor of toys, objects

• Sweep or vacuum first (remove grit and debris)

• Sweep before crawling session as splinters, nails, other objects may not catch your eye but can be dangerous

• Open windows for ventilation

Step 2: Choose the Right Product

What to look for:

• Plant-based surfactants (coconut or corn-derived)

• pH-balanced (won't damage floors or baby's skin)

• Allergy safe fragrances (certified only)

• Biodegradable ingredients

• Dermatologically tested

• Food-contact safe (in case of accidental licking)

Koparo's Floor Cleaner meets all these criteria: formulated specifically for Indian homes with babies, containing coconut-derived surfactants, natural antibacterial essential oils (tea tree, neem), and completely free from harsh chemicals.

Step 3: Dilution & Application

• Follow product dilution instructions (more isn't better)

• Use microfiber mop (more effective, less water needed)

• Work in sections

• Don't over-wet floors (excess water = longer drying time)

Step 4: Air-Dry Completely

• Allow floors to fully dry before letting babies or pets move around

• Open windows/use fans to speed drying

• Plan cleaning during nap time when possible

• Clean when baby is napping or in another room so everything has time to dry properly

Step 5: Frequency

Daily:

• Sweep/vacuum high-traffic areas

• Spot-clean spills immediately

2-3 times weekly:

• Full floor mopping with baby-safe cleaner

• Focus on baby's primary play areas

Weekly:

• Deep clean baseboards, under furniture

• Check for product buildup

Floor Type-Specific Baby-Safe Cleaning

Marble & Granite (Most Common in Indian Homes)

Why it matters: Porous surfaces can harbor bacteria; acidic cleaners cause permanent etching.

Baby-safe approach:

• Use pH-neutral natural cleaners ONLY

• Never use vinegar (acidic—damages marble)

• Dry mop first to remove grit

• Damp mop with diluted natural cleaner

• Dry immediately with clean towel

Koparo's floor cleaner is pH-balanced and marble-safe, specifically formulated for Indian flooring.

Vitrified Tiles

Baby-safe approach:

• More forgiving than marble

• Use plant-based cleaners

• Pay attention to grout lines (bacteria can accumulate)

• Monthly: Baking soda paste on grout, scrub gently

Wood & Laminate

Baby-safe approach:

• Minimal water use (wood warps)

• Natural wood cleaner or highly diluted castile soap

• Dry immediately

• Never use steam cleaners (can damage)

Carpets & Rugs

Baby-safe approach:

• Don't use spray-on carpet cleaners; chemical carpet cleaners contain ingredients that become trapped in carpet. Use steam cleaner with water and no detergent

• Vacuum daily (removes dust, allergens, particles)

• Spot-clean with natural solution: club soda or baking soda paste

• Deep clean quarterly with steam only

Nursery Cleaning: Creating a Safe Sleep Environment

Why the Nursery Requires Special Attention

Your baby spends 12-16 hours daily in the nursery during the first months. Any chemical off-gassing, residue, or fumes accumulate in this enclosed space, creating concentrated exposure.

The VOC Problem

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are gases released by cleaning products, furniture, paint, and new items that continue to off-gas for weeks or months.

Effects on babies:

• Respiratory irritation

• Headaches (babies can't tell you)

• Sleep disruption

• Long-term: developmental issues

Solution: Choose VOC-free or low-VOC products for nursery use.

Room-by-Room Nursery Cleaning

Sleep Area (Crib/Bassinet)

What to clean:

• Crib mattress cover

• Sheets (every 2-3 days or when soiled)

• Crib bars/surfaces

• Mattress itself (monthly)

Baby-safe method:

• Sheets: Natural detergent

• Mattress cover: Wipe with damp cloth + natural all-purpose cleaner

• Crib surfaces: Natural all-purpose cleaner, rinse with damp cloth

• Mattress: Vacuum, spot-clean stains with baking soda paste, air in sun

What to AVOID:

• Fabric softeners (chemicals linger in sheets baby breathes)

• Antibacterial sprays (unnecessary and harmful)

• Chemical mattress sprays (off-gassing near baby's face)

Changing Station

What to clean:

• Changing pad cover (daily or when soiled)

• Changing pad itself (weekly)

• Surrounding surfaces

Baby-safe method:

• Natural all-purpose cleaner or soap + water

• For heavy soiling: Baking soda + water paste

• Air-dry completely before next use

• Keep cleaning wipes nearby (natural, baby-safe brand)

Closets & Storage

Why it matters: New clothes, fabrics, and items off-gas formaldehyde and other chemicals.

Baby-safe approach:

• Wash ALL new clothes before baby wears them

• Use safe certified allergy free fragrance detergent

• Air out new items before storing in nursery

• Wipe shelves with natural cleaner before organizing

Flooring

Special considerations:

• Babies spend tummy time on nursery floor

• Dropped items (pacifiers, toys) must be safe to pick up

• Clean with same baby-safe floor cleaner as rest of house

• Vacuum daily to remove dust, lint, hair

Windows & Curtains

Baby-safe approach:

• Windows: Vinegar + water solution (no ammonia glass cleaners)

• Curtains: Wash in tested safe fragrance detergent every 2-3 months

• Blinds: Wipe with damp microfiber cloth

• Keep windows open when possible (ventilation)

Air Quality in the Nursery

Critical factors:

1. Ventilation: Open windows daily (even briefly)

2. No aerosols: Never spray anything in nursery

3. No air fresheners: Mask odors with chemicals

4. Consider air purifier: HEPA filter for dust, allergens

5. Plants: Some indoor plants naturally purify air (pothos, snake plant)

Red flag: If you can smell cleaning products in the nursery hours after cleaning, ventilation is insufficient and/or products are too harsh.

Washing Baby Clothes, Bottles & Toys Safely

Baby Laundry: The 24/7 Skin Contact Factor

Why this is critical: Babies wear clothes 24/7. Any chemical residue in fabric is constantly against their skin, being absorbed.

Choosing Baby-Safe Laundry Detergent

What to avoid:

• Optical brighteners: Cause skin irritation, don't rinse out

• Synthetic untested fragrances: Phthalates, allergens

• Fabric softeners: Among the MOST toxic cleaning products

• "Antibacterial" additives: Unnecessary, disrupt microbiome

• Dyes and colors: Serve no purpose, can irritate

What to choose:

• Plant-based detergents

• Safe certified allergy free fragrance or naturally scented

• Hypoallergenic

• Concentrated (less product needed)

• Biodegradable

Indian considerations:

• With multiple daily outfit changes (spit-up, diaper leaks, food mess), parents wash frequently

• Hard water in many Indian cities means detergent doesn't rinse as well

• Choose detergents formulated for hard water

Baby Laundry Method

Preparation:

• Wash baby clothes separately from adult clothes (first 3-6 months)

• Pre-treat stains with natural stain remover or baking soda paste

• Turn clothes inside-out (reduces pilling, protects prints)

Washing:

• Use recommended amount (more doesn't clean better)

• Extra rinse cycle (removes more residue)

• Hot water for whites, diapers (natural disinfection)

• Cold/warm water for colors

Drying:

• Best: Line-dry in direct sunlight (UV rays disinfect naturally)

• Dryer: Use wool dryer balls instead of fabric softener sheets

• Avoid scented dryer sheets (chemicals transfer to fabric)

Special items:

• Cloth diapers: Pre-rinse, hot wash, sun-dry

• Bibs: Wash daily (food residue harbors bacteria)

• Swaddles/blankets: Every 3-4 days or when soiled

Bottle & Feeding Equipment Cleaning

Why this is CRITICAL: Dish detergent is the #1 cause of childhood poisoning because residue stays on bottles and pacifiers that go directly into baby's mouth.

The Residue Problem

Conventional dish soaps leave chemical films on bottles that don't fully rinse away. When you fill the bottle with milk, those chemicals leach into the liquid your baby drinks.

Harmful ingredients in conventional dish soaps:

• Petroleum based SLS/SLES (skin irritants, carcinogen contamination)

• Synthetic  untested fragrances (phthalates)

• Triclosan (hormone disruptor)

• Phosphates

• Artificial dyes

Baby-Safe Bottle Washing Method

Materials needed:

• Dedicated bottle brush

• Natural, safe certified allergy free fragrance dishwash 

• Clean drying rack

• Microfiber towel

Method:

1. Rinse immediately after feeding (prevents milk residue buildup)

2. Disassemble all parts (nipple, ring, valve, bottle)

3. Wash with small amount of natural dish soap and bottle brush

4. Scrub all parts, paying attention to nipple holes and threads

5. Rinse thoroughly under hot running water (20-30 seconds per piece)

6. Air-dry upside-down on clean drying rack

Sterilization:

• Newborns (0-3 months): Sterilize daily

• Method: Boil in water for 5 minutes OR use steam sterilizer

• Older babies: Sterilization less critical if washing thoroughly

Koparo's Natural Dishwashing Liquid is specifically formulated to be food-safe, rinses completely, and contains no harsh chemicals—ideal for baby bottles, sippy cups, and feeding equipment.

Toy Cleaning

Why it matters: Babies and children put toys in their mouths frequently, touching surfaces and then their faces.

Toy Categories & Cleaning Methods

Hard plastic toys:

• Wash in sink with natural dish soap

• Scrub with soft brush

• Rinse thoroughly

• Air-dry completely

Soft toys/plushies:

• Machine wash in safe certified allergy free fragrance

• Use laundry bag to protect

• Air-dry or low-heat dryer

Teething toys:

• Wash after EVERY use

• Natural dish soap + hot water

• Some can be sterilized (check manufacturer instructions)

• Replace if showing wear (bacteria harbor in cracks)

Bath toys:

• Squeeze out water after each bath (prevents mold)

• Weekly: Wash with natural soap, soak in vinegar solution

• Replace if mold develops inside (can't be fully cleaned)

Frequency:

• Daily: Teething toys, favorites that go in mouth

• Weekly: All toys in rotation

• Monthly: Toys in storage

Air Quality & Cleaning Products: The Invisible Threat

The Indoor Air Pollution Problem

According to a study, the average home contains about 62 toxic chemicals present in various cleaning products that can contribute to indoor air pollution and may pose health risks, especially for babies and young children who spend significant time indoors.

In Indian homes, this is compounded by:

• Poor outdoor air quality (pollution enters when windows open)

• Limited ventilation in apartments

• Monsoon season (windows closed for months)

• Cooking smoke/fumes

• Incense and dhoop usage

How Cleaning Products Affect Indoor Air

Three ways chemicals become airborne:

1. Aerosolization: Spray products create fine mist that stays airborne for hours

2. VOC off-gassing: Chemicals evaporate from surfaces after cleaning

3. Particulate matter: Powder cleaners create dust that's inhaled

Baby's exposure:

• Breathe 40-60 times per minute (vs. adult 12-20)

• Closer to ground where heavier particles settle

• Spend more time indoors than adults

• Developing lungs are more susceptible to damage

Creating Baby-Safe Indoor Air

Ventilation Strategies

Daily:

• Open windows for 15-30 minutes (even in winter/pollution)

• Create cross-ventilation (opposite windows)

• Use exhaust fans when cleaning

• Time window opening for best outdoor air quality

During cleaning:

• Don't clean with kids in the room; make sure to ventilate before your kid comes back in

• Open multiple windows

• Turn on ceiling fans

• Clean in morning when outdoor air is fresher

Product Choices

Eliminate:

• ALL aerosol sprays

• Air fresheners (synthetic fragrance)

• Scented candles (contain phthalates)

• Plug-in fragrance diffusers

• Chemical carpet fresheners

Use instead:

• Spray bottles with natural cleaners

• Essential oil diffusers (specific baby-safe oils)

• Beeswax candles (no fragrance)

• Baking soda for odor absorption

• Ventilation instead of masking odors

Air Purifiers

Worth considering if:

• You live in high-pollution area

• Baby has respiratory issues

• Limited ventilation options

• During heavy pollution seasons

Choose:

• HEPA filter (removes 99.97% of particles)

• Activated carbon (removes VOCs)

• Appropriate room size coverage

• Low noise level (won't disturb sleep)

 

---

 

Pediatrician Q&A: Expert Insights

Dr. Ryan Blackman, Board-Certified Pediatrician

Q: At what age should parents start worrying about cleaning product safety?

A: "There's never a bad time to do a 'safety check' on the products used to clean and disinfect your home. Children under 6 are especially curious and explorative of their environment. Despite our best intentions and reinforced safety proofing, children may find themselves in harm's way".

My advice: Start during pregnancy. Your developing baby is exposed through the placenta, and establishing safe cleaning habits before birth is easier than switching later.

Dr. Harvey Karp, Pediatrician & Child Development Expert

Q: Are antibacterial products necessary for babies?

A: "It's like dipping your kids' hands in penicillin constantly. It's really not something you need to do. Regular soap and water is just as effective at removing germs without the risks associated with antibacterial chemicals."

The science: Studies show antibacterial soaps are no more effective than regular soap and water, yet they contribute to antibiotic resistance and disrupt healthy microbiome development.

Indian Pediatric Perspectives

Q: In Indian joint families with multiple caregivers cleaning frequently, how do we ensure consistency?

A: "Education is key. When grandparents, domestic help, and parents all understand WHY baby-safe products matter, compliance improves. Keep only safe products accessible, store chemical products away, and provide clear instructions in multiple languages if needed."

Practical tip: Create a visual chart (with pictures) showing which products to use for each cleaning task—helpful for caregivers who may have literacy barriers.

Q: Many Indian families use traditional cleaning methods like cow dung paste or ash. Are these safe for babies?

A: "Traditional methods have been used for generations, but we must evaluate them with modern safety standards. Cow dung can harbor E. coli and other pathogens—not recommended for spaces where babies crawl. However, traditional plant-based cleaners like neem water, reetha (soapnut), or shikakai are generally safe and effective."

Modern solution: Natural cleaning products combine traditional plant ingredients with scientific formulation for safety and efficacy.

Q: What are the early signs that cleaning products are affecting my baby's health?

A: Watch for these symptoms:

• Persistent cough or wheezing

• Skin rashes, eczema, or dry patches

• Red, watery eyes

• Frequent sneezing or runny nose

• Sleep disruption or restlessness

• Unusual fussiness after cleaning

• Difficulty breathing

Action: If you notice these symptoms, immediately switch to safe certified allergy free fragrance, natural products and consult your pediatrician.

 

---

 

Product Recommendations by Use Case

Essential Baby-Safe Cleaning Products

1. Floor Cleaner (HIGHEST PRIORITY)

Why you need it: Babies spend 6-8 hours daily on floors during crawling phase.

What to look for:

• Plant-based surfactants

• pH-balanced (marble/tile safe)

• Food-contact safe formulation

• Natural antibacterial ingredients

• No untested fragrances

Recommended: Koparo Floor Cleaner – Lime

• Coconut-derived surfactants

• Tea tree & neem extracts (natural antibacterial)

• pH-balanced for Indian marble and tile floors

• Non-toxic and pet-safe

• Available in refill sizes (eco-friendly)

Usage: Daily spot-clean high-traffic areas; full mopping 2-3 times weekly.

2. Dishwashing Liquid (CRITICAL FOR BOTTLE SAFETY)

Why you need it: Dish soap residue directly enters baby's mouth via bottles, utensils, bowls.

What to look for:

• Plant-based, biodegradable

• Safe certified allergy free fragrance

• Effective grease removal (for milk fat)

• Rinses completely

• Gentle on hands (frequent washing)

Recommended: Koparo Natural Dishwashing Liquid – Orange & Sweet Lime

• 3x grease removal power

• Natural citrus extracts

• Food-safe formulation

• Biodegradable ingredients

• Removes cooking odors

Usage: Small amount per bottle; thorough rinsing essential.

3. Laundry Detergent (24/7 SKIN CONTACT)

Why you need it: Baby clothes, sheets, towels are constantly against skin.

What to look for:

• Hypoallergenic

• Safe certified allergy free fragrance

• No optical brighteners or dyes

• Effective in hard water

• Concentrated formula

Recommended: Koparo Liquid Detergent – Fresh Cotton

• Plant-based surfactants

• Hypoallergenic formula

• Works in hard water (Indian conditions)

• Gentle on baby's clothes and skin

• Biodegradable

Usage: Follow dilution instructions; extra rinse cycle for baby items.

4. All-Purpose Surface Cleaner

Why you need it: For high chairs, changing tables, cribs, toys, countertops.

What to look for:

• Multi-surface safe

• Food-contact safe

• Natural ingredients

• No harsh fumes

• Quick-drying

Recommended: Koparo All-Purpose Natural Surface Cleaner – Orange

• Safe on multiple surfaces

• Plant-based formula

• Natural citrus cleaning power

• No harsh chemicals

• Effective on baby mess (spit-up, food)

Usage: Spray, wipe, rinse with damp cloth on food-contact surfaces.

5. Hand Wash (FREQUENT USE)

Why you need it: Parents wash hands 20+ times daily (diaper changes, feeding prep, cleaning).

What to look for:

• Gentle, moisturizing

• Fragrance-free or certified safe fragrance

• No triclosan or antibacterial chemicals

• Effective cleaning

Recommended: Koparo Hand Wash – Lavender or Aloe & Green Tea

• Natural and skin-friendly

• Plant-based surfactants

• Gentle on frequently washed hands

• Natural essential oils

• No harsh chemicals

Usage: Regular soap and water is sufficient; no need for antibacterial formulations.

Optional But Helpful Products

6. Toilet Cleaner

Why it matters: Bathroom floors where babies crawl during bath time.

Recommended: Koparo Natural Toilet Cleaner

• Acid-free (safe to use)

• Powerful stain removal

• Natural ingredients

• Safe for septic systems

7. Fabric Conditioner (OPTIONAL)

Better alternative: White vinegar in rinse cycle

• Naturally softens fabrics

• Removes detergent residue

• Safe and inexpensive

• No chemical exposure

If you prefer commercial conditioner: Koparo Natural Fabric Conditioner – Lavender

• Plant-based

• Allergy free fragrance

• Biodegradable

What You DON'T Need

Products to avoid entirely in homes with babies:

• Antibacterial sprays/wipes

• Chemical air fresheners

• Fabric softener sheets

• Aerosol cleaners

• Bleach-based products

• Ammonia-based glass cleaners

• Scented candles

• Carpet chemical cleaners

Common Mistakes New Parents Make

Mistake #1: "Antibacterial is better for babies"

The truth: Antibacterial products are unnecessary and potentially harmful. Regular cleaning with soap and water removes 99% of germs mechanically.

The harm: Antibacterial chemicals (triclosan, benzalkonium chloride) disrupt infant microbiome development, contribute to antibiotic resistance, and offer no proven health benefits.

What to do instead: Clean regularly with natural products; use heat/sunlight for disinfection when needed.

Mistake #2: "More product = cleaner"

The truth: Using too much cleaner leaves MORE residue, creating greater exposure risk.

The problem: Excess product doesn't rinse away completely, especially in hard water conditions common in India.

What to do instead: Follow dilution instructions; start with less than recommended and increase only if cleaning power is insufficient.

Mistake #3: "If it smells clean, it IS clean"

The truth: That "fresh" smell is often synthetic harsh fragrance—chemicals you're inhaling.

The psychology: We've been conditioned by marketing to associate artificial scents with cleanliness.

What to do instead: Clean shouldn't smell like anything except maybe a hint of freshness. Open windows for fresh air instead of masking odors.

Mistake #4: "I only use a little chemical cleaner, so it's fine"

The truth: Cumulative exposure adds up. Small amounts, multiple times daily, over months = significant toxic burden.

The math: If your baby crawls on chemically cleaned floors twice daily for 6 months, that's 360 exposure incidents during critical development.

What to do instead: Complete switch to natural products eliminates cumulative risk entirely.

Mistake #5: "Baby's room is safe; I only use chemicals elsewhere"

The truth: Air circulation, crawling exploration, and surface contact mean babies are exposed throughout the home.

The reality: Babies don't stay in one room. Chemical fumes travel. Residue transfers on adult feet, hands, and clothes.

What to do instead: Make the ENTIRE home baby-safe, not just the nursery.

Mistake #6: "Grandma used these products; we turned out fine"

The truth: Modern cleaning products contain FAR more chemicals than products from 30-40 years ago, and we now understand health impacts better.

The difference: Today's products are more concentrated, contain more synthetic chemicals, and we use them more frequently in less-ventilated homes.

What to do instead: Honor traditional wisdom (like sunlight disinfection, natural ingredients) while updating to safer modern formulations.

Mistake #7: "Natural products don't clean as well"

The truth: Modern natural formulations are equally or more effective than chemical cleaners.

The science: Plant-based surfactants, natural enzymes, and essential oils provide powerful cleaning without toxicity.

What to do instead: Try natural products—most parents report equal or better cleaning results plus peace of mind.

Mistake #8: "I'll switch to natural products when baby is older"

The truth: The MOST critical period is pregnancy through age 2—peak developmental vulnerability.

The window: Neural development, organ formation, immune system establishment all happen in these crucial early years.

What to do instead: Switch BEFORE pregnancy if possible, or immediately upon learning you're expecting.

Your Baby-Safe Cleaning Checklist

Pre-Baby Preparation (During Pregnancy)

8-12 Weeks Before Due Date:

• ☐ Audit current cleaning products (check against harmful ingredient list)

• ☐ Research and order baby-safe replacements

• ☐ Deep-clean nursery with natural products

• ☐ Wash all baby clothes, bedding in derma-safe detergent

• ☐ Air out new furniture, items (off-gassing period)

4-8 Weeks Before Due Date:

• ☐ Remove ALL chemical cleaning products from home (store elsewhere or donate)

• ☐ Stock up on natural products (buy refills to avoid running out)

• ☐ Create cleaning schedule (delegate tasks)

• ☐ Educate family members on product use

• ☐ Set up dedicated baby bottle cleaning station

1-4 Weeks Before Due Date:

• ☐ Final deep-clean with natural products

• ☐ Prepare cleaning caddies by room (easy access)

• ☐ Test air purifier if using (get used to noise)

• ☐ Review bottle washing technique

• ☐ Ensure ventilation working (exhaust fans, windows)

Newborn Phase (0-3 Months)

Daily:

• ☐ Sweep/vacuum high-traffic areas

• ☐ Wash bottles after every feeding

• ☐ Spot-clean surfaces (spit-up, diaper changes)

• ☐ Wipe nursery surfaces

• ☐ Wash hands frequently with baby-safe soap

Every 2-3 Days:

• ☐ Change and wash crib sheets

• ☐ Mop floors in baby's main areas

• ☐ Wash baby clothes

• ☐ Clean changing pad cover

Weekly:

• ☐ Full home floor mopping

• ☐ Bathroom deep-clean

• ☐ Wash soft toys in rotation

• ☐ Wipe down crib rails, surfaces

• ☐ Clean high-touch surfaces

Monthly:

• ☐ Deep-clean nursery (including under furniture)

• ☐ Wash curtains, drapes

• ☐ Vacuum/clean mattress

• ☐ Organize and clean toy storage

• ☐ Check cleaning product stock

Crawler Phase (6-12 Months) - HIGH PRIORITY

Daily:

• ☐ Sweep/vacuum thoroughly (entire crawling area)

• ☐ Spot-mop spills immediately

• ☐ Wash bottles, feeding equipment

• ☐ Clean high chair after meals

• ☐ Wipe down lower cabinets, surfaces within reach

Every 2-3 Days:

• ☐ Full floor mopping (priority #1)

• ☐ Wash baby clothes

• ☐ Clean frequently mouthed toys

Weekly:

• ☐ Deep-clean bathrooms (baby crawls here during bath)

• ☐ Wash all toys in rotation

• ☐ Clean baseboards (baby touches while crawling)

• ☐ Wipe under furniture (exploration zone)

• ☐ Bathroom floor extra attention

Monthly:

• ☐ Full home deep-clean

• ☐ Toy safety check (replace worn items)

• ☐ Review product effectiveness

• ☐ Restock baby-safe cleaning supplies

Toddler Phase (1-3 Years)

Daily:

• ☐ Sweep/vacuum main areas

• ☐ Spot-clean floors (food, spills)

• ☐ Clean dining surfaces (table, high chair)

• ☐ Wash hands frequently

2-3 Times Weekly:

• ☐ Full floor mopping

• ☐ Bathroom cleaning

• ☐ Wash clothes

Weekly:

• ☐ Toy cleaning

• ☐ Deep-clean kitchen

• ☐ Bedroom surfaces

Monthly:

• ☐ Rotate deep-cleaning rooms

• ☐ Organize toy storage

• ☐ Restock supplies

Special Situations

After Illness:

• ☐ Disinfect with hydrogen peroxide or steam

• ☐ Wash all bedding, clothes

• ☐ Clean all toys

• ☐ Extra ventilation

• ☐ Replace toothbrushes, teethers

Seasonal Deep-Cleaning (Pre-Monsoon/Winter):

• ☐ Check for mold growth

• ☐ Deep-clean windows, seals

• ☐ Organize storage areas

• ☐ Check ventilation functioning

• ☐ Replace filters (AC, air purifier)

Festival Cleaning (Diwali, etc.):

• ☐ Plan deep-clean schedule around baby's nap times

• ☐ Use baby-safe products only

• ☐ Ensure adequate ventilation

• ☐ Protect baby from dust during cleaning

• ☐ Air out home before baby returns to space

FAQs: Baby-Safe Cleaning in India

Safety & Health Questions

Q: At what age can I start using regular cleaning products around my child?

A: There's no "safe" age to introduce toxic chemicals. However, risk does decrease as children get older (5-6 years+) because:

• They're no longer crawling/sitting on floors constantly

• Hand-to-mouth behavior decreases

• Organs are more developed

• Immune systems are stronger

That said: If natural products clean effectively (which they do), why switch back to toxic chemicals at all?

Q: My baby has eczema. Which cleaning products are safest?

A: Eczema-prone babies need:

• Safe fragrance everything (harsh fragrances are major triggers)

• Petroleum SLS/SLES-free detergents (strip natural skin oils)

• Hypoallergenic formulations

• Natural fabric softener (vinegar) or none

• Extra rinsing (removes residue)

Many parents report eczema improvement after switching to natural cleaning and laundry products.

Q: Can baby-safe products kill germs and bacteria?

A: Yes! Natural antibacterial ingredients include:

• Tea tree oil (antiseptic, antibacterial)

• Neem extract (traditional Indian antibacterial)

• Thyme oil (antimicrobial)

• Citrus extracts (antibacterial properties)

• Heat/sunlight (natural disinfection)

Important: For everyday cleaning, removing germs mechanically (soap + water) is sufficient. Disinfection is only needed during illness outbreaks.

Q: What if family members don't believe natural products work?

A: Demonstrate effectiveness:

• Do a side-by-side test (natural vs. chemical on grease)

• Show them ingredient lists (explain what chemicals do)

• Share this guide with health information

• Let them experience fresher air (no chemical smell)

• Show cost comparison (refills save money)

Most skeptics convert once they see natural products work equally well without the toxic smell.

Q: Are natural products safe if my baby has asthma?

A: Natural products are actually BETTER for asthmatic babies because they eliminate:

• VOCs that trigger attacks

• Synthetic untested fragrances (major asthma trigger)

• Harsh fumes that irritate airways

• Chemical residues that cause inflammation

Always choose: Fragrance-free or lightly scented but tested for allergy safety options for respiratory-sensitive children.

Product-Specific Questions

Q: How do I know if a product labeled "baby-safe" actually is?

A: Look for:

• Complete ingredient disclosure

• Specific claims: "dermatologically tested," "hypoallergenic"

• Third-party certifications - Peta safe, vegan

• Certified safe fragrances only

• Plant-based surfactants

Red flags:

• Vague terms: "natural," "gentle," "mild" (undefined)

• No ingredient list at all

• No third-party testing mentioned

Best approach: Research the brand, read ingredient lists, look for transparency.

Q: Can I use vinegar for everything?

A: Vinegar is useful but has limitations:

Good for:

• Glass cleaning (diluted with water)

• Fabric softener (in rinse cycle)

• General surface cleaning

• Removing odors

NOT good for:

• Marble/granite floors (acidic—causes etching)

• Heavy grease (not strong enough)

• Disinfection alone (pair with hydrogen peroxide)

Best approach: Use vinegar for appropriate tasks; invest in formulated natural products for others.

Q: Do I need separate products for baby items vs. regular household cleaning?

A: Not necessarily! One set of baby-safe products works for everything:

• Natural dish soap → bottles AND dishes

• Natural floor cleaner → baby's room AND whole house

• Natural laundry detergent → baby clothes AND adult clothes

Benefit: Simplified cleaning, fewer products, whole-home safety.

Q: How do I clean baby toys that go in the mouth?

A: Method by toy type:

Hard plastic toys:

• Natural dish soap + warm water

• Scrub with soft brush

• Rinse thoroughly

• Air-dry completely

Teething toys:

• After every use: soap + water

• Weekly: Sterilize (boil or steam)

• Replace when worn

Soft toys:

• Machine wash certified safe fragrance detergent

• Air-dry or low heat dryer

• Weekly for favorites

Bath toys:

• Squeeze out water after each use

• Weekly: Vinegar soak

• Replace if mold inside

Cost & Availability Questions

Q: Are baby-safe products more expensive?

A: Initial cost: Slightly higher per bottle (₹30-50 more)

Long-term value:

• More concentrated (lasts longer)

• Multi-purpose (one product replaces several)

• Refill options (save 30-40%)

• Health savings (fewer doctor visits, medications)

Real calculation:

• Chemical products: ₹8,640/year + healthcare costs

• Natural products: ₹9,720/year + health peace of mind

• Difference: ₹90/month for complete family safety

Q: Where can I buy Koparo products in India?

A: Multiple channels:

• Direct website: koparoclean.com (subscription discounts available)

• Quick commerce: Blinkit, Zepto, Swiggy Instamart (fast delivery)

• E-commerce: Amazon, Flipkart

• Retail: Select stores in metro cities

Best value: Subscribe for regular delivery (discounts + never run out).

Q: Can I make my own baby-safe cleaning products?

A: Some you can:

• All-purpose cleaner: Vinegar + water + essential oils

• Glass cleaner: Vinegar + water

• Soft scrub: Baking soda + castile soap

Some better purchased:

• Floor cleaners (pH-balance important)

• Dish soap (grease-cutting power needed)

• Laundry detergent (hard water formulation)

Reality: DIY works for basic cleaning, but formulated products offer better results and convenience.

Cultural & Practical Questions

Q: How do I convince older family members (grandparents) to use baby-safe products?

A: Approach with respect:

1. Acknowledge traditional methods worked in their time

2. Explain modern products are MORE chemical-laden

3. Show them ingredient lists (let them read)

4. Connect to traditional plant-based cleaning (reetha, neem)

5. Frame as protecting grandchild's health

6. Demonstrate effectiveness (let them try)

Cultural bridge: Koparo products contain traditional Indian ingredients (neem, coconut) in modern formulations—honoring tradition while ensuring safety.

Q: My domestic help uses strong-smelling "powerful" cleaners. How do I transition them?

A: Clear, respectful communication:

1. Explain why you're switching (baby's health)

2. Demonstrate product use (hands-on training)

3. Show dilution measurements (prevent overuse)

4. Create picture-based instructions (if language/literacy barriers)

5. Keep ONLY safe products accessible (remove chemicals)

6. Provide proper cleaning tools (microfiber cloths, mops)

Key point: Emphasize that strong smell ≠ more effective. Natural products clean well without harsh odors.

Q: During monsoon when windows must stay closed, how do I clean safely?

A: Monsoon-safe cleaning strategy:

• Clean one room at a time (close door)

• Use exhaust fans even with windows closed

• Clean during mid-day (slightly better ventilation)

• Use even less product (off-gassing minimized)

• Air purifier running (filters VOCs)

• Choose safe fragrances only (less off-gassing)

Bonus: Natural products produce minimal fumes, making them IDEAL for monsoon cleaning.

Q: For Diwali/festival deep-cleaning, are natural products strong enough?

A: Absolutely! Natural products handle festival cleaning needs:

• Grease/oil stains: Citrus-based degreasers

• Floor grime: Plant-based floor cleaners

• Brass/copper: Specialized natural metal cleaners (Koparo offers these)

• Silver: Natural silver cleaners

• Heavy-duty: Baking soda paste for tough jobs

Advantage: Safe for cleaning puja rooms, religious items, and spaces where babies will play during festivals.

Emergency & Special Situations

Q: What if my baby accidentally drinks cleaning product?

A: Immediate action:

1. Don't induce vomiting (can cause more harm)

2. Call poison control immediately: National Poison Information Centre (India): 1800-22-0214

3. Bring product bottle to hospital (ingredient info crucial)

4. Stay calm to keep baby calm

Prevention:

• Store ALL products out of reach (even natural ones)

• Never transfer products to unmarked bottles

• Never leave products unattended during use

• Teach older siblings about dangers

Natural products are less toxic if ingested, but still require immediate medical attention.

Q: I'm pregnant and just learned about toxic cleaning products. Is it too late?

A: It's NEVER too late! Every day you reduce exposure helps:

• Fetal development continues throughout pregnancy

• Brain development especially active in 2nd/3rd trimesters

• Reducing exposure now still provides significant benefit

• Sets up safe environment for baby's arrival

Immediate steps:

1. Replace high-contact products first (dish soap, hand wash)

2. Enlist help for any intensive cleaning

3. Ventilate thoroughly when cleaning

4. Avoid aerosols and strong-smelling products completely

5. Order natural products today

Q: What do I do if my baby develops a reaction to a "natural" product?

A: Even natural products can cause reactions in sensitive babies:

Immediate:

• Discontinue use of that specific product

• Rinse affected area with plain water

• Contact pediatrician if reaction is severe

Investigation:

• Identify the specific ingredient (could be an essential oil)

• Try hypoallergenic fragrance version of the same product

• Test different brand with different formulation

• Consider allergy testing if reactions persist

Reality: True allergic reactions to plant-based ingredients are rare but possible. Most "reactions" to natural products are actually from switching too quickly (skin adjustment period) or from using too much product (residue buildup).

Your Action Plan: Protecting Your Baby Starting Today

You've now learned everything you need to create a truly safe home for your baby. You understand:

• Why babies are uniquely vulnerable to chemicals

• Which products and ingredients to avoid

• How to clean safely at every developmental stage

• Which products to choose and how to use them

• How to handle family, cultural, and practical challenges

Immediate Action Steps (Today)

If you're pregnant:

1. Check your current cleaning products against the harmful ingredient list

2. Order natural replacements for high-priority items (dish soap, floor cleaner, laundry detergent)

3. Remove chemical products from nursery area

4. Share this guide with family members

If you have a newborn (0-3 months):

1. Replace laundry detergent immediately (24/7 skin contact)

2. Switch to natural dish soap for bottles

3. Use natural hand wash (frequent washing)

4. Plan replacement of remaining products over next 2-4 weeks

If you have a crawler (6-12 months):

1. PRIORITY: Replace floor cleaner TODAY

2. Switch dish soap (bottles, food utensils)

3. Replace laundry detergent

4. Remove all chemical products from baby's reach

If you have a toddler (1-3 years):

1. Complete full transition to natural products

2. Educate child about not touching cleaning products

3. Store all products safely out of reach

4. Maintain baby-safe cleaning habits

This Week

• Place your first order for baby-safe products

• Create a cleaning schedule

• Educate family members/caregivers

• Set up dedicated baby bottle cleaning station

This Month

• Complete transition to all natural products

• Establish cleaning routines

• Stock up on refills

• Track any health improvements (skin, respiratory, sleep)

This Year

• Maintain baby-safe home consistently

• Share your experience with other parents

• Calculate health savings (fewer doctor visits)

• Enjoy peace of mind knowing your home is truly safe

The Bottom Line: Your Baby Deserves a Toxin-Free Start

Every parent wants to give their child the healthiest start in life. You carefully choose organic food, filter water, research pediatricians, and baby-proof your home. Cleaning products deserve the same careful consideration—they affect your baby's health just as significantly.

The stakes are higher in India because:

• Our babies spend more time on floors (cultural practices)

• Our homes often have limited ventilation

• Hard water increases chemical residue

• Regulatory protection is minimal

But you now have the knowledge to protect your family. You understand which chemicals are most dangerous, how they harm developing bodies, and which natural alternatives work effectively.

The choice is clear:

• Chemical products: Save ₹90/month, risk lifelong health consequences

• Natural products: Invest ₹90/month, ensure your baby's safety

Which would you choose for your child?

Your Next Step

Visit Koparo Clean to explore India's leading range of baby-safe, naturally formulated cleaning products.

Every Koparo product is:

• ✅ Dermatologically tested

• ✅ Plant-based and biodegradable

• ✅ Free from toxic chemicals

• ✅ Safe for babies, children, and pets

• ✅ Effective on Indian cleaning challenges

• ✅ Formulated for Indian water and climate conditions

• ✅ Available in eco-friendly refills

Trusted by pediatricians and 800,000+ Indian families who've made the switch to safer cleaning.

Your baby's health is priceless. Their safety is non-negotiable. Their future starts with the choices you make today.

Start your baby-safe cleaning journey now.

Additional Resources for Indian Parents

Parenting & Safety Organizations

• Indian Academy of Pediatrics: www.iapindia.org

• National Poison Information Centre: 1800-22-0214 (24/7 helpline)

• Central Drugs Standard Control Organization: Drug safety information

• Parent support communities: BabyChakra, FirstCry Parenting, Indian parenting Facebook groups

Educational Resources

• Baby-safe cleaning video tutorials on Koparo's YouTube/Instagram

• Pediatrician-approved cleaning guides

• Monthly webinars on infant health and home safety

• Free downloadable checklists and guides

Product Information

• Koparo website: koparoclean.com

• Blog: Regular articles on baby safety, cleaning tips, natural living

• Customer support: Personalized product recommendations

Medical Consultation

Always consult your pediatrician if you notice:

• Persistent skin issues

• Respiratory symptoms

• Developmental concerns

• Allergic reactions

• Any unusual symptoms